Authors who wish to withdraw a manuscript before publication must contact the editorial office and provide a clear reason for the withdrawal. Withdrawal requests are subject to editorial confirmation.
A published article may be considered for retraction when reliable evidence demonstrates serious problems that invalidate its findings or compromise the integrity of the scholarly record, including major errors, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, unethical research, or duplicate publication.
When an article is retracted, the journal will preserve the scholarly record and clearly identify the article as retracted. A retraction notice explaining the reason for the action will be made publicly accessible where appropriate.
Where retraction is not appropriate, the journal may publish a correction or other appropriate editorial notice. An expression of concern may be issued when serious concerns exist but the available evidence is not yet sufficient for a final editorial action.
